What is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid use?

Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that are often prescribed for a variety of conditions, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and asthma. One significant side effect of long-term corticosteroid use is osteoporosis. This occurs because corticosteroids can interfere with the bone remodeling process, leading to decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption. Over time, this imbalance can result in weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures.

Corticosteroids affect calcium absorption, reduce osteoblast activity (the cells responsible for bone formation), and can increase the excretion of calcium in the urine. These mechanisms contribute to the development of osteoporosis, making it a common concern for patients who undergo long-term corticosteroid therapy. Patients are often advised to engage in weight-bearing exercise, ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and might be prescribed additional medications to help mitigate this risk.